U.S. Cattle Inventory Hits 75-Year Low at 86.2 Million Head

USDA’s annual report reveals the smallest total herd since 1951, with beef cow numbers falling to 27.6 million despite a slight uptick in replacement heifers.

USDA Report 01-30-2026 US Cattle Inventory - WEB.jpg
(Data Source: USDA)

The U.S. cow herd continues to shrink now at its smallest size in 75 years. Despite a year of strong prices, USDA’s annual Cattle Inventory Report released Friday shows the U.S. cattle inventory shrank another .35% now at 86.2 million head. When you look at just the beef cows, that inventory fell 1%, sitting at 27.6 million head. The one positive number was beef replacement heifers at 4.71 million, which is up 1%.

Other highlights in the January cattle report include:

  • Of the 86.2 million head inventory of all cattle and calves, cows and heifers that have calved totaled 37.2 million.
  • The number of milk cows in the U.S. increased 2% to 9.57 million.
  • U.S. calf crop was estimated at 32.9 million, down 2%.
  • The number of cattle on feed was down 3% to 13.8 million.

Check back for continued reaction and analysis from the Drovers Team.